Proactive Thinking

Proactive thinking – one of the most interesting phenomena that distinguish human from the animal world. At the beginning of life a person manifests an urgent need of expression. Proactive thinking is one of the active ways of knowing the world, and that it makes it possible to progress as an individual and humanity in general. And so to the modern school is a crucial problem of the development of initiative and creative students. This problem had been and continued to engage in a number of domestic and foreign scholars.

However, in practice shifts towards solving this problem is still very small. And now all the obvious need to prepare students for the initiative and creativity. In this regard, increasing the role of schools in the education of active, enterprising and creative thinkers. Development initiative and creative potential of students is important at all stages of schooling, but has a special place formation of creative thinking in the early school age. According to the thoughts LS Vygotsky, schooling raises thinking in the center of conscious activity of the child.

Research-active thinking involved, many educators and psychologists, both domestic and foreign: VE Klochko, OM Krasnoryadtseva, AM Matyushkin, DB Epiphany, AK Belousov, A. Ben, D. Hartley, D. Halpern. The results obtained in studies of the initiation of cognitive activity data revealed a mechanism scientists thought at a very early stage – the phase detection and staging of thinking problem and came closer together and thought processes vopriyatiya, theoretically and methodologically objectifying transition from the perception of stimulus material to thinking, initiated by the controversy, which opened in it. DB Epiphany believes that the intellectual initiative can serve as a measure of intellectual activity and allows you to highlight its qualitatively new levels. Intellectual initiative integrates mental ability and dumb factors, but can not be reduced nor ktem nor the other. Proactive thinking as a product of joint activity was studied in AM Matyushkin, AK Belousova. The moment of actualization of the new cognitive needs in the course of solving the problem associated with the emergence of the psychology of problem stuatsii, which is characterized by the fact that previously used methods, the methods do not lead to achieving the necessary result. Particularly emphasized that a person begins to think when he has a need to understand something. AK Belousov in his work says that proactive way of thinking is characterized by directed search for contradictions, finding problems and manifested in the ability to put forward a variety of assumptions and hypotheses. The most characteristic of this style are the attempts to initiate thinking and sort out the problem, previously found her and realized. Foreign psychologists now set themselves the task to explore techniques and strategies used in solving problems, building rasuzhdeny and decision-making. So the use of cognitive techniques and strategies that increase the likelihood of obtaining the desired result, scientists refer to critical thinking. This definition describes the thinking as something different accountability, validity and tselenaprvlennostyu. Thus, modern society with advanced information technology needs to be intellectually active individuals who have creative and original thinking, which is characterized by a variety of strategies and styles of intellectual activity.